STD Testing in California

What this test is

STD testing refers to a group of laboratory tests that look for evidence of sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, and others. Depending on which infections are being checked, the test may involve blood, urine, or a swab from the affected area. A clinician or public health guidelines can help determine which tests are appropriate for you.

What it measures

• Chlamydia — Detects the bacteria that cause chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection.
• Gonorrhea — Detects the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, which can infect the genital tract, rectum, and throat.
• Syphilis — Detects antibodies or direct evidence of the bacterium that causes syphilis.
• HIV — Detects antibodies or antigens to the virus that causes AIDS.
• Hepatitis B — Detects markers of hepatitis B virus infection.
• Hepatitis C — Detects antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
• Herpes — Detects antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
• Trichomoniasis — Detects the parasite that causes trichomoniasis, often through a urine or swab sample.

What the test involves

Sample collection depends on the specific tests ordered: many STD tests use a standard blood draw from a vein in your arm, while others require a urine sample or a swab from the throat, rectum, or genital area. The collection process is usually quick and may be done at a laboratory or clinic.

Why it is often ordered

A clinician may order STD testing if you have symptoms that could suggest an infection, if you have had a potential exposure, or as part of routine sexual health screening. Testing is also commonly done for people who want to know their status or who are starting a new relationship.

Preparation

Preparation varies depending on which tests are being done; some may require you to avoid urinating for a certain time before giving a urine sample, while blood tests may not need special preparation. Always follow the specific instructions provided by the laboratory that will collect your sample.

How results are reported

Results are typically reported as positive or negative for each infection tested, and sometimes include additional information such as viral load or antibody levels. Reference ranges and reporting formats can vary between laboratories, so your results should be interpreted in the context of the lab that performed the test.

Before you go

• Which specific STD tests are included in the panel you are ordering.
• Whether any special preparation, such as avoiding urination before a urine test, is needed.
• How and when you will receive your results, and whether a follow-up visit is required.